•  Literature
• Learning goals
• Physical and chemical properties of the upper ocean layers
  • Properties of ocean waters
  • Salinity content and density
  • Temperature distribution in the ocean
  • Horizontal salinity distribution in the ocean
  • Vertical salinity distribution
  • Horizontal and vertical density distribution
  • Characteristic water masses in the oceans
  • Dissolved gases in the ocean
  • Molecular transport
  • Properties of humid air
  • Ocean surface and its immediate environment
• Wind-driven ocean surface currents
  • Equation of motion
  • Ekman‘ s solution of the equation of motion
  • Mass transport associated with the Ekman current
  • Up-welling in the ocean
  • Sverdrup regime
  • Westerly boundary current: Stommel‘ s contribution
  • Munk’s solution
• Ocean waves
  • Generation of ocean waves by wind
  • Description of ocean waves
  • Global view on ocean wave climates
  • Ocean wave modeling
  • Ocean wave measurements
• Summary

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